I've been using these metallic pet tags on my cat & dog for a couple years now and they really seem to work. They're supposed to last up to 4 years - although I don't understand why they couldn't last longer. But then again, I don't know exactly how they're made. (I've wondered if humans could also use them to repel fleas, ticks & mosquitoes. Would be an interesting experiment.) Worth trying if you wish to avoid toxic flea collars & chews for your pets, and more economical (and better for the environment). Pet Protector is a high quality steel alloy disc that is charged with a specific combination of magnetic and scalar waves, that is scientifically proven to repel pests. Pet Protector works in harmony with your pet's movement to create a natural, protective barrier that repels fleas, ticks and mosquitoes. https://petprotector.org/