Can all life be descended from a single-celled organisim?

Discussion in 'Science' started by contrails, Jul 11, 2016.

  1. Robert

    Robert Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    Aug 16, 2014
    Messages:
    68,085
    Likes Received:
    17,138
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    I have a powerful hunch since you do not know the book contents this is going to be how you see the book.
    But you have brought up things I did not know.
     
  2. AboveAlpha

    AboveAlpha Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Jun 20, 2013
    Messages:
    30,284
    Likes Received:
    612
    Trophy Points:
    83
    GOD means many different things to many different people.

    For me.....GOD.....is the Multiverse.

    AA
     
  3. Robert

    Robert Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    Aug 16, 2014
    Messages:
    68,085
    Likes Received:
    17,138
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    Awesome power. Just how I described things.
     
  4. KAMALAYKA

    KAMALAYKA Banned

    Joined:
    Oct 19, 2009
    Messages:
    4,690
    Likes Received:
    1,005
    Trophy Points:
    113
    But simpler animals have simpler, less evolved eyes.
     
  5. Robert

    Robert Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    Aug 16, 2014
    Messages:
    68,085
    Likes Received:
    17,138
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    How that relates to humans is anyone's guess.
     
  6. Cosmo

    Cosmo Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Aug 24, 2015
    Messages:
    2,720
    Likes Received:
    1,803
    Trophy Points:
    113
    creationist:
    a person who believes that the world was made by God exactly as described in the Bible
    and does not accept the theory of evolution
    http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/creationist
     
  7. Robert

    Robert Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    Aug 16, 2014
    Messages:
    68,085
    Likes Received:
    17,138
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    That is a very poor definition.

    Since the Bible is ancient text, I do not hold the ancients to account for the way they then had to explain things.

    I cut them slack.

    I am positive GOD is the CREATOR.

    I am quite positive matter is not eternal. That energy is not eternal. We who studied physics learned how energy is produced by matter. But we were never able to ascertain what it was like pre matter and pre energy.

    A thousand years from now, some person who will contain a lot more knowledge than any of us have, will add to the data base. We can't really accurately predict those findings.

    Evolution = change.

    Boiled down that is exactly all it is.

    We see change in family photos. The children are not the parents in looks. Even those minor changes = evolution.

    The concept a single cell ended up in millions of years becoming human. This part is very hard to digest.

    Even the so called scientist seems threatened to take it back that far and stops at the Chimp.

    I think for most humans, this tends to offend them.

    My concept is GOD is able to create humans. And transport them. And has transported blacks to Africa, whites to Europe and the so called yellows to Asia and the tans to the America. Notice how Chinese never resemble Africans. Native Americans don't look European.
     
  8. tecoyah

    tecoyah Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    May 15, 2008
    Messages:
    28,370
    Likes Received:
    9,297
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    Would you not be required to understand what this "God" actually is to be positive about anything it has done?

    Unril you can define this aspect of the statement anything following it is irrelevant. Lets just begin with that shall we?
     
  9. Fallen

    Fallen Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 25, 2015
    Messages:
    4,905
    Likes Received:
    466
    Trophy Points:
    83
    In science there are 2 possibilities. Panspermia. Or the soup of organic substances reacted to make RNA which developed into DNA, which later formed protein strains and so fourth.

    Panspermia route will have different microbes evolving differently in different environments.
    Organic soup rout will have the same microbe evolving differently in different environments.
     
  10. Taxonomy26

    Taxonomy26 Banned

    Joined:
    Jan 24, 2016
    Messages:
    1,611
    Likes Received:
    1,237
    Trophy Points:
    113
    I've always found Panspermia lame.
    It just kicks the 'Life' problem down the Universe.
    +
     
  11. tecoyah

    tecoyah Well-Known Member Past Donor

    Joined:
    May 15, 2008
    Messages:
    28,370
    Likes Received:
    9,297
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    Both could have happened......
     
  12. Fallen

    Fallen Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 25, 2015
    Messages:
    4,905
    Likes Received:
    466
    Trophy Points:
    83
    Yeh but when you have bacteria fossilize in a Martian rock that was found on earth

    [​IMG]

    And then this strange microscopic titanium ball from outer space, spewing biological matter

    [​IMG]

    Many foreign objects impacted the earth during its formation. Just look at the moon, the earth didn't fare much better

    [​IMG]
     
  13. Maccabee

    Maccabee Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Jan 15, 2016
    Messages:
    8,901
    Likes Received:
    1,062
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    Actually that turned out to be a natural formation. Even if it was how do you know that it didn't got it opinion re-entry? How do you know that it didn't get contaminated sitting there for however long the scientists said it sat? More importantly though is why would you consider that life but at the same time consider a conceived egg in the mother not life?
     
  14. Fallen

    Fallen Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 25, 2015
    Messages:
    4,905
    Likes Received:
    466
    Trophy Points:
    83
    No it hasn't
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

    What are you on about? Why are you bringing in an abortion issue?
     
  15. Maccabee

    Maccabee Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Jan 15, 2016
    Messages:
    8,901
    Likes Received:
    1,062
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
  16. Taxonomy26

    Taxonomy26 Banned

    Joined:
    Jan 24, 2016
    Messages:
    1,611
    Likes Received:
    1,237
    Trophy Points:
    113
     
  17. Fallen

    Fallen Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 25, 2015
    Messages:
    4,905
    Likes Received:
    466
    Trophy Points:
    83
    The Bacillus anthracis, the anthrax bacteria, can also form spores and survive tens to hundreds of years.
    http://www.popsci.com/scitech/artic...nd-viruses-live-surfaces-home-normal-room-tem

    That means a meteorite can travel to our system from another system

    Asteroids can travel really fast. This one travels at 280,000mph
    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...ing-280-000mph-asteroid-travelling-Earth.html

    If it came from Alpha Centauri(4.367 light years away) traveling at those speeds, how long did it take to get here? 10459 years.

    The bacteria can survive for tens of hundreds of years in space. Microbial life can easily survive in space long enough.
     
  18. Taxonomy26

    Taxonomy26 Banned

    Joined:
    Jan 24, 2016
    Messages:
    1,611
    Likes Received:
    1,237
    Trophy Points:
    113
    AGAIN Fallen, and UNanswered save the really hyper-exceptional asteroid from the already hyper-rare planet with life...

    Again, the fact there may have been Primordial soup elsewhere TOO just, AGAIN, 'kicks the life can down the universe.'
    Suppose earth or Mars seeded each other?
    Does that solve the 'Life' problem? No.
    Life may have arisen in thousands of places, and then in Some instances seeded life elsewhere, but not likely much between systems, because even in THIS meteorite's intra-system instance, it was in space for 17 million years, and at that point had nothing alive on it when it landed.

    But we did have to bear another of the graphics shows you can't resist. ​

    Your new post, pointing to some tiny exceptions in asteroid travel, doesn't dent my "not likely," Nor the problem of what triggered life from primordial elements.. anywhere.
    +
     
  19. ThirdTerm

    ThirdTerm Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 12, 2012
    Messages:
    4,326
    Likes Received:
    462
    Trophy Points:
    83
    Universal common ancestry (UCA) is a central pillar of modern evolutionary theory1. As first suggested by Darwin2, the theory of UCA posits that all extant terrestrial organisms share a common genetic heritage, each being the genealogical descendant of a single species from the distant past3, 4, 5, 6. The classic evidence for UCA, although massive, is largely restricted to ‘local’ common ancestry—for example, of specific phyla rather than the entirety of life—and has yet to fully integrate the recent advances from modern phylogenetics and probability theory. Although UCA is widely assumed, it has rarely been subjected to formal quantitative testing7, 8, 9, 10, and this has led to critical commentary emphasizing the intrinsic technical difficulties in empirically evaluating a theory of such broad scope1, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Furthermore, several researchers have proposed that early life was characterized by rampant horizontal gene transfer, leading some to question the monophyly of life11, 14, 15. Here I provide the first, to my knowledge, formal, fundamental test of UCA, without assuming that sequence similarity implies genetic kinship. I test UCA by applying model selection theory5, 16, 17 to molecular phylogenies, focusing on a set of ubiquitously conserved proteins that are proposed to be orthologous. Among a wide range of biological models involving the independent ancestry of major taxonomic groups, the model selection tests are found to overwhelmingly support UCA irrespective of the presence of horizontal gene transfer and symbiotic fusion events. These results provide powerful statistical evidence corroborating the monophyly of all known life.

    [​IMG]

    Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of
    eukaryotes and the early evolution of life by endosymbiotic fusion of
    an early archaeon and bacterium29. A key commonality of these
    hypotheses is the rejection of a single, bifurcating tree as a proper
    model for the ancestry of Eukarya. For instance, in these biological
    hypotheses certain eukaryotic genes are derived from Archaea
    whereas others are derived from Bacteria. The class II models freely
    allow eukaryotic genes to be either archaeal-derived or bacterialderived,
    as the data dictate, and hence class II hypotheses can model
    several endosymbiotic ‘rings’ and HGT events. Because specific
    endosymbiotic fusion schemes can be represented by constrained
    versions of the unrestricted class II models, the endosymbiotic fusion
    hypotheses are nested within the class II hypotheses shown in Table 2.
    For nested hypotheses, the constrained versions necessarily have
    equal or lower likelihoods than the unconstrained versions. As a
    result, strict bounds can be placed on the LLR and DAIC scores
    for the constrained class II network models that represent specific
    endosymbiotic fusion or HGT hypotheses (see Methods and
    Supplementary Information). In all cases, these bounds show that
    multiple-ancestry versions of the constrained class II models are
    overwhelmingly rejected by the tests (model selection scores of
    several thousands), indicating that common ancestry is also preferred
    for all specific HGT and endosymbiotic fusion models. In terms of a
    fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya, the data conclusively
    support a UCA model in which Eukarya share an ancestor with
    Bacteria and another independently with Archaea, and in which
    Bacteria and Archaea are also genetically related independently of
    Eukarya (see Table 3).

    The proteins in this data set were postulated to be orthologous on
    the basis of significant sequence similarity27. Because the proteins are
    universally conserved, all of the taxa have their own specific versions
    of each of the proteins. It would be of interest to know how the tests
    respond to the inclusion of proteins that are not universally conserved,
    as omitting independently evolved proteins could perhaps
    bias the results towards common ancestry. Nevertheless, the inclusion
    of bona fide independently evolved genes has no effect on the
    likelihoods of the winning class II models, except in certain cases to
    strengthen the conclusion of common ancestry (for a formal proof,
    see the Supplementary Information). Many proteins probably do
    exist that have independent origins. For instance, in the Metazoa
    certain protein domains have probably evolved de novo that are not
    found in either Bacteria or Archaea30. However, the independent
    evolution of unique Metazoan proteins, by itself, is not evidence
    for or against UCA. The probability that the Metazoa would evolve
    a new protein domain is the same whether or not the Metazoa are
    related to Bacteria and Archaea. Therefore, omitting proteins with
    independent origins from the data set does not affect support for the
    UCA hypothesis versus multiple-ancestry hypotheses. In fact, including
    independently evolved proteins is expected to increase support
    for common ancestry for the subsets of taxa that share them (in this
    example, to increase support for common ancestry of the Metazoa).

    What property of the sequence data supports common ancestry so
    decisively? When two related taxa are separated into two trees, the
    strong correlations that exist between the sequences are no longer
    modelled, which results in a large decrease in the likelihood. Consequently,
    when comparing a common-ancestry model to a multipleancestry
    model, the large test scores are a direct measure of the increase
    in our ability to accurately predict the sequence of a genealogically
    related protein relative to an unrelated protein. The sequence correlations
    between a given clade of taxa and the rest of the tree would be
    eliminated if the columns in the sequence alignment for that clade were
    randomly shuffled. In such a case, these model-based selection tests
    should prefer the multiple-ancestry model. In fact, in actual tests with
    randomly shuffled data, the optimal estimate of the unified tree (for
    both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses) contains an extremely
    large internal branch separating the shuffled taxa from the rest. In
    all cases tried, with a wide variety of evolutionary models (from the
    simplest to the most parameter rich), the multiple-ancestry models for
    shuffled data sets are preferred by a large margin over common ancestry
    models (LLR on the order of a thousand), even with the large internal
    branches. Hence, the large test scores in favour of UCA models reflect
    the immense power of a tree structure, coupled with a gradual
    Markovian mechanism of residue substitution, to accurately and precisely
    explain the particular patterns of sequence correlations found
    among genealogically related biological macromolecules.


    http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7295/full/nature09014.html%3Fref%3Dnf
     
  20. Durandal

    Durandal Well-Known Member Donor

    Joined:
    May 25, 2012
    Messages:
    55,832
    Likes Received:
    27,359
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    We have ample evidence that life shares common ancestry, and that unicellular life preceded multicellular life, so....
     
  21. KAMALAYKA

    KAMALAYKA Banned

    Joined:
    Oct 19, 2009
    Messages:
    4,690
    Likes Received:
    1,005
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Evolution is true.
     
  22. Maccabee

    Maccabee Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Jan 15, 2016
    Messages:
    8,901
    Likes Received:
    1,062
    Trophy Points:
    113
    Gender:
    Male
    Mantra.
     
  23. MAYTAG

    MAYTAG Active Member

    Joined:
    May 28, 2010
    Messages:
    3,282
    Likes Received:
    23
    Trophy Points:
    38
    That's fine if you believe that. The issue is that you have provided zero evidence and should not expect anyone else to be compelled to accept that. Whereas there is plenty of evidence for common ancestry, as has been presented in this thread. You can believe what you want. I find your beliefs much more exciting than what reality obviously actually is. Some people want life to be exciting and magical. Some people want real answers to real questions, even if the study is a bit dry and technical. You are the former.

    If it makes you feel any better, some of the people outclassing you on this topic are completely clueless when it comes to a realistic, technical analysis of economics. It's like evolution is way above your head, but economics is way above the heads of even those who seem to understand evolution.

    I wonder why they think their positions on economics are any more valid than yours on evolution. They have clearly studied economics exactly as much as you have studied evolution.

    It almost seems completely random, like you guys just pick positions out of a hat, and that no one is actually capable of studying anything. Objectivity is dead. Is this the human condition, and I am uniquely gifted? Or are you not living up to your potential?
     
  24. Bobbybobby99

    Bobbybobby99 New Member

    Joined:
    Mar 24, 2016
    Messages:
    653
    Likes Received:
    8
    Trophy Points:
    0
    Yes, though it should be noted that most 'major' forms of life (the Eukaryotes, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists), actually evolved from two cells; an archaea and a bacteria that 'merged', as far as current theories go.

    Edit: Also, think more in terms of billions than millions, if you're talking about the common ancestry of a bacterium and a human being.
     
  25. Fallen

    Fallen Well-Known Member

    Joined:
    Feb 25, 2015
    Messages:
    4,905
    Likes Received:
    466
    Trophy Points:
    83
    Yep. It started as a single celled organism in an oxygen deprived environment.

    In a experiment, e coli evolved to be able to process a material that it couldn't process before.

    Similar thing could have happened on early earth.

    We know that water absorbs carbon dioxide

    The fist life originated in water and consumed carbon dioxide which the water obsorbed, creating oxygen in the process.

    As the environment became more oxygen rich, some evolved so that they could process oxygen

    Being able to process oxygen now, they became more complex. Over time this complexity grew as life was constantly challenged and life had to constantly adapt. Over millions of years this adaptation became evolution. Naturally occurring mutations sped up and aided this evolution.
     

Share This Page