Cern offers an advancement

Bishadi · Jul 28, 2011

New X-Ray Camera Will Reveal Big Secrets About How Chemistry Works

ScienceDaily (July 27, 2011)

Designed to record bursts of images at an unprecedented speed of 4.5 million frames per second, an innovative X-ray camera being built with STFC's world-class engineering expertise will help a major new research facility shed light on the structure of matter

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110727121355.htm

hey the idea works!!!!!

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100509202634.htm

Using the special X-ray camera, researchers can depict the position of atoms in a molecule and obtain a three-dimensional image of something that is smaller than a billionth of a metre. Researchers at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Gothenburg and at Chalmers University of Technology have now used this advanced technology to photograph the dynamics of life's most fundamental system: photosynthesis.

The focus of the study was a protein which is central to the conversion of light to chemical energy during photosynthesis, and which process the Gothenburg researchers have been the first to successfully photograph. The X-ray image shows how the protein temporarily stores the light energy immediately before a chemical bond forms -- a movement that takes place on a scale of less than a nanometre.

The photograph is not only a fascinating snapshot of the very core of life,
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finally, they built a product that can be used.

I have always said, them spinners (accellerators) have done nothing for mankind except isolate isotopes but i guess i was wrong. The technology developed to make the spinners usable is usable in other fields of science.

but ooooops........... i guess i was right in the context that none of the particles they are observing (creating), have still done nothing for science.

now can anyone see and comprehend the term 'energy upon mass'?

does anyone know which wavelength the p680 molecule within the photosynthesis cycle, is retaining?

any guesses?

any idea which 'color' range?

Bishadi · Aug 2, 2011

"The European XFEL will represent a major step forward in equipping Europe with a new generation of research infrastructure that can meet the requirements of the 21st century. STFC's unique skills are creating an imaging device which will help this remarkable facility realise its vast potential."

nothing like advanced research

waltky · Sep 22, 2011

Faster than the speed of light, more powerful than a locomotive...

Roll over Einstein: Pillar of physics challenged
Sep 22,`11 - A pillar of physics - that nothing can go faster than the speed of light - appears to be smashed by an oddball subatomic particle that has apparently made a giant end run around Albert Einstein's theories.

Scientists at the world's largest physics lab said Thursday they have clocked neutrinos traveling faster than light. That's something that according to Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity - the famous E (equals) mc2 equation - just doesn't happen. "The feeling that most people have is this can't be right, this can't be real," said James Gillies, a spokesman for the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The organization, known as CERN, hosted part of the experiment, which is unrelated to the massive $10 billion Large Hadron Collider also located at the site.

Gillies told The Associated Press that the readings have so astounded researchers that they are asking others to independently verify the measurements before claiming an actual discovery. "They are inviting the broader physics community to look at what they've done and really scrutinize it in great detail, and ideally for someone elsewhere in the world to repeat the measurements," he said Thursday. Scientists at the competing Fermilab in Chicago have promised to start such work immediately. "It's a shock," said Fermilab head theoretician Stephen Parke, who was not part of the research in Geneva. "It's going to cause us problems, no doubt about that - if it's true."

The Chicago team had similar faster-than-light results in 2007, but those came with a giant margin of error that undercut its scientific significance. Other outside scientists expressed skepticism at CERN's claim that the neutrinos - one of the strangest well-known particles in physics - were observed smashing past the cosmic speed barrier of 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second). University of Maryland physics department chairman Drew Baden called it "a flying carpet," something that was too fantastic to be believable.

CERN says a neutrino beam fired from a particle accelerator near Geneva to a lab 454 miles (730 kilometers) away in Italy traveled 60 nanoseconds faster than the speed of light. Scientists calculated the margin of error at just 10 nanoseconds, making the difference statistically significant. But given the enormous implications of the find, they still spent months checking and rechecking their results to make sure there was no flaws in the experiment. "We have not found any instrumental effect that could explain the result of the measurement," said Antonio Ereditato, a physicist at the University of Bern, Switzerland, who was involved in the experiment known as OPERA. The researchers are now looking to the United States and Japan to confirm the results.

MORE
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oldjar07 · Sep 23, 2011

waltky said: ↑

Faster than the speed of light, more powerful than a locomotive...

Roll over Einstein: Pillar of physics challenged
Sep 22,`11 - A pillar of physics - that nothing can go faster than the speed of light - appears to be smashed by an oddball subatomic particle that has apparently made a giant end run around Albert Einstein's theories.
Click to expand...

Very interesting stuff.

Bishadi · Sep 23, 2011

waltky said: ↑

Faster than the speed of light, more powerful than a locomotive...

Roll over Einstein: Pillar of physics challenged
Sep 22,`11 - A pillar of physics - that nothing can go faster than the speed of light - appears to be smashed by an oddball subatomic particle that has apparently made a giant end run around Albert Einstein's theories.
Click to expand...

funny part is, that it aint his theory so much as 'c' being from plancks constant ("a consequence of")

soon people will realize the 'speed' of a particle is not what substantiates the energy

waltky · Nov 12, 2012

Supersymmetry theory dealt a blow...

Popular physics theory running out of hiding places
12 November 2012 - Supersymmetry predicts the existence of enigmatic "super particles"

Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider have detected one of the rarest particle decays seen in Nature. The finding deals a significant blow to the theory of physics known as supersymmetry. Many researchers had hoped the LHC would have confirmed this by now. Supersymmetry, or SUSY, has gained popularity as a way to explain some of the inconsistencies in the traditional theory of subatomic physics known as the Standard Model. The new observation, reported at the Hadron Collider Physics conference in Kyoto, is not consistent with many of the most likely models of SUSY.

Prof Chris Parkes, who is the spokesperson for the UK Participation in the LHCb experiment, told BBC News: "Supersymmetry may not be dead but these latest results have certainly put it into hospital." Supersymmetry theorises the existence of more massive versions of particles that have already been detected. Their existence would help explain why galaxies appear to rotate faster than the Standard Model would suggest. Physicists have speculated that as well as the particles we know about, galaxies contain invisible, undetected dark matter made up of super particles. The galaxies therefore contain more mass than we can detect and so spin faster.

Researchers at the LHCb detector have dealt a serious blow to this idea. They have measured the decay between a particle known as a Bs Meson into two particles known as muons. It is the first time that this decay has been observed and the team has calculated that for every billion times that the Bs Meson decays it only decays in this way three times. If superparticles were to exist the decay would happen far more often. This test is one of the "golden" tests for supersymmetry and it is one that on the face of it this hugely popular theory among physicists has failed. Prof Val Gibson, leader of the Cambridge LHCb team, said that the new result was "putting our supersymmetry theory colleagues in a spin".

More http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20300100
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waltky · Jan 4, 2013

Granny says dey need to turn dat thing off an' leave it off, a-fore dey blow up the world...

Atom smasher hiatus sets stage for more discovery
Jan 4,`13 -- The world's largest and most powerful atom smasher goes into a 2-year hibernation in March, as engineers carry out a revamp to help it reach maximum energy levels that could lead to more stunning discoveries following the detection of the so-called "God particle."

With the reopening of its $10 billion proton collider in early 2015, the stage will be set for observing more rare phenomena - and unlocking more mysteries, said James Gillies, chief spokesman for the European particle physics laboratory known as CERN. The Large Hadron Collider under the Swiss-French border will operate for two more months then shut down through 2014, allowing engineers to lay thousands more superconducting cables aimed at bringing the machine up to "full design energy," Gillies told The Associated Press on Friday.

Physicists at the European Center for Nuclear Research, known by its French acronym CERN, won't exactly be idle as the collider takes a break. There are still reams more data to sift through since the July discovery of a new subatomic particle called the Higgs boson - dubbed the "God particle - which promises a new realm of understanding of the universe.

For the next two months, the Large Hadron Collider will be smashing protons with lead ions, then undergo several weeks of testing before it shuts down. The collider launched in September 2008, but had to be switched off just nine days later when a badly soldered electrical splice overheated, causing extensive damage to the massive magnets and other parts of the collider some 300 feet (100 meters) below the ground. It cost $40 million to repair and improve the machine. Since its restart in November 2009, the collider has performed almost flawlessly and the power produced has been ramped up to ever-new record levels, creating a treasure trove of new data to sift through.

But because of the 2008 accident, the collider could only run at an energy level far below what it was designed to do. To fix that, Gillies said, engineers over the next two years will install 10,000 redesigned superconducting cables that connect between the magnets. That will vastly improve its capacity to simulate the moments after the Big Bang nearly 14 billion years ago. "It will bring you more collisions. Which means that the more collisions you have, the more likely you are to see rare events," he said. "The Higgs particle was just one of many on the wish list that we'd like to find, so higher energy increases your discovery potential."

Source
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waltky · Apr 2, 2013

Granny says dey gonna keep monkeyin' with dat thing till dey warp space-time an' it throws us back to the stone age...

LHC upgrade to open up 'new realm of particle physics'
2 April 2013 - Engineers have begun a major upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Their work should double the energy of what's already the most powerful particle accelerator in the world. BBC News is the first to be allowed to see inside the LHC - on the French-Swiss border - to watch the work being carried out. Scientists believe the upgrade will enable them to discover new particles which will lead to a more complete theory of how the Universe works. A project leader with the LHC's Atlas experiment, Dr Pippa Wells, told BBC News that there was much more to come from the LHC. "The past two years have been the most exciting in my time as a particle physicist. People are absolutely fired up. They've made one new discovery (the Higgs) and they want to make more discoveries with the new high energies that the upgrade will give us. We could find a new realm of particle physics."

I was taken by the technical coordinator for the upgrade project, Katy Foraz, and Cern's UK communications manager Stephanie Hills, to one of the many access points to the LHC's underground tunnels. We entered a lift shaft with two buttons marked zero and minus 1. Katy hit minus 1 and we made our way 100m below the surface. As we exited the lift, we walked to a large heavy green door that we strained to open. As we went through, it was like entering Aladdin's cave. No jewels or gold - but one of the largest and most complex machines ever built. A bright blue superconducting beamline stretches into the distance - around it are gleaming precision instruments to make the line one of the coldest places in the Universe. In front of me, engineers were replacing some of the first connectors. In all, 10,000 will need to be changed. Eight hundred people are involved in this project, which will cost £70m.

Granny says, "Ack - don't mess with dat thermatic balancer or ya gonna blow us all up, gurl!"

The tasks also include testing and replacing some of the LHC's main dipole and quadrupole magnets, which are used to bend the paths of the particles and keep them tightly bunched; conducting tests to detect any irregularities in the magnets or imperfections in the electrical insulation; and a range of other work to improve the machine. The LHC is known for its cutting-edge science. But as we walked to this scientific wonderland, Katy told me that people often forget that the particle accelerator is also on the cutting edge of engineering. After all, creating the conditions of the beginning of the Universe is no easy feat. "We are always at the limit of what we know in terms of the technology. It is very exciting: as the coordinator. I have access to all the technologies and they really are at their limit in terms of superconductivity cryogenics. It is very exciting for an engineer to be close to all these new technologies," she said.

Katy and her team of engineers are calling the work an "upgrade". But critics say it's a "repair". As we walked passed a team replacing a damaged connector, Cern's Stephanie Hills was quick to respond to the charge that this expensive refit is putting right a mistake that should not have been made in the first place. "Nobody has ever done this kind of technology before. Everything from the most basic welding to the most complicated beam diagnostics is pushing the boundaries of technology, and sometimes these things just don't go right simply because we don't know how it's going to work," she told me. "You can see in front of us the way that we're managing the upgrade is meticulous. There is lots and lots of quality control, making sure that everything's absolutely spot-on so that when we turn the machine back on we are absolutely ready for some more fantastic scientific discoveries." The damage was done shortly after the switch on of the Large Hadron Collider in September 2008.

More http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21941666
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Swensson · Apr 3, 2013

Bishadi said: ↑

I have always said, them spinners (accellerators) have done nothing for mankind except isolate isotopes but i guess i was wrong. The technology developed to make the spinners usable is usable in other fields of science.
Click to expand...

For starters, they have done plenty in the field of particle physics, even if you won't acknowledge it, but accelerators are also used for chemical and material sciences, medical sciences, astrophysics/cosmology and so on.

Bishadi said: ↑

but ooooops........... i guess i was right in the context that none of the particles they are observing (creating), have still done nothing for science.
Click to expand...

It takes some time for a particle to be made useful, for instance, electricity wasn't studied properly until the 1600s, yet the major breakthroughs in usefulness didn't happen until the late 1800s and later. Even so, gauge bosons found in the 80s are being used a lot in nuclear physics and nuclear power.

Bishadi said: ↑

now can anyone see and comprehend the term 'energy upon mass'?

does anyone know which wavelength the p680 molecule within the photosynthesis cycle, is retaining?

any guesses?

any idea which 'color' range?
Click to expand...

We've known what I think you refer to as "energy upon mass" for ages (only everyone else has been a lot more specific about it and used other terms for it). This is just an direct observation of it.

In case your question about wavelengths are the first part in some longer reasoning, I'm going to go ahead and say "red" or "680 nm".

waltky · Apr 30, 2013

Granny says dey go messin' with antigravity an' we all gonna get flung off into outer space...

Antigravity gets first test at Cern's Alpha experiment
30 April 2013 - Researchers at Cern in Switzerland have proved the merits of a way to test antimatter as a source of the long-postulated "anti-gravity".

Antimatter particles are the "mirror image" of normal matter, but with opposite electric charge. How antimatter responds to gravity remains a mystery, however; it may "fall up" rather than down. Now researchers reporting in Nature Communications have made strides toward finally resolving that notion. Antimatter presents one of the biggest mysteries in physics, in that equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been created at the Universe's beginning. Yet when the two meet, they destroy each other in what is called annihilation, turning into pure light.

Why the Universe we see today is made overwhelmingly of matter, with only tiny amounts of antimatter, has prompted a number of studies to try to find some difference between the two. Tests at Cern's LHCb experiment and elsewhere, for example, have been looking for evidence that exotic particles decay more often into matter than antimatter. Last week, the LHCb team reported a slight difference in the decay of particles called Bs mesons - but still not nearly enough to explain the matter mystery. One significant difference between the two may be the way they interact with gravity - antimatter may be repelled by matter, rather than attracted to it. But it is a difference that no one has been able to test - until the advent of Cern's Alpha experiment.

The Alpha experiment's antimatter chamber uses magnetic fields to sequester antihydrogen atoms

Getting annihilated

Alpha is an acronym for Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus - an experiment designed to build and trap antimatter "atoms". Just as hydrogen is made of a proton and an electron, antihydrogen is an atom made of their antimatter counterparts antiprotons and positrons. The trick is not just in making it, but in making it hang around long enough to study it - before it bumps into any matter an annihilates. In 2010 the Alpha team did just that, and in 2011 they showed they could keep antihydrogen atoms trapped for 1,000 seconds. The team has now gone back to their existing data on 434 antihydrogen atoms, with the antigravity question in mind. "In the course of all the experiments, we release (the antihydrogen atoms) and look for their annihilation," said Jeffrey Hangst, spokesperson for the experiment. "We've gone through those data to see if we can see any influence of gravity on the positions at which they annihilate - looking for atoms to fall for the short amount of time they exist before they hit the wall," he told BBC News.

The team has made a statistical study of which antihydrogen atoms went where - up or down - and they are able to put a first set of constraints on how the anti-atoms respond to gravity. The best limits they can suggest is that they are less than 110 times more susceptible to gravity than normal atoms, and less than 65 times that strength, but in the opposite direction: antigravity. In short, the question remains unanswered - so far. "It's not a very interesting band yet but it's the first time that anyone has even been able to talk about doing this," said Prof Hangst. "We actually have a machine that can address this question, that's what's exciting for us here, and we know how to get from here to the interesting regime." The Alpha experiment's main task is to study the energy levels within antihydrogen, to spot any differences between it and the hydrogen that physicists know to extraordinary precision. Prof Hangst said the antigravity measurement was just an "interesting sideshow" for the experiment. "We have a lot of options for studying antimatter and this is a new one that has a future."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22355187
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fifthofnovember · May 1, 2013

waltky said: ↑

Faster than the speed of light, more powerful than a locomotive...

Roll over Einstein: Pillar of physics challenged
Sep 22,`11 - A pillar of physics - that nothing can go faster than the speed of light - appears to be smashed by an oddball subatomic particle that has apparently made a giant end run around Albert Einstein's theories.

"CERN says a neutrino beam fired from a particle accelerator near Geneva to a lab 454 miles (730 kilometers) away in Italy traveled 60 nanoseconds faster than the speed of light."
Click to expand...

Since neutrinos go right through matter- even through something like the the sun- it makes me wonder if these particles aren't going faster than light because they aren't being dragged down the way light is: by the limitations of "space". Perhaps they are transparant to space as well.

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