"The bloody mire of Mongolian slavery, not the rude glory of the Norman epoch, cradle of Muscovy

Why Muscovites even in 2017 are not ready to recognize their Asiatic - Mongolian nature of Muscovite state?
Karl Marx : "....The bloody mire of Mongolian slavery, not the rude glory of the Norman epoch, forms the cradle of Muscovy, and modern Russia is but a metamorphosis of Muscovy." http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/marx/works/1857/russia/ch04.htm

 

Due to the over-lordship of their Mongolian masters, Russia trailed further and further behind their European peers.

 

it was not any Russia until late 18c. and under genghisides- gureys
Finno-Ugrs had the same rights as other subjects of mongol empire

 

Marx as well as Soviet historians always found faults with any types of colonial rule, refusing to see any positives in colonialism. The Tatar yoke could have been beneficial for Russia as the nation could not find a solution for internal struggles after the breakup of Kievan Rus'. What Mongol overlords wanted was tributes and the administrative structure and economic system were developed under the Tatar yoke, which helped Moscow grow rich and eventually reunite the country as the Muscovite state. Similarly, India and Korea were modernised under British and Japanese colonial rule, respectively, thus laying the groundwork for their current economic prosperity.

 

"
Moscow did not exist in 988 AD"

 

At the time of the Mongol invasion, Moscow as we know it did not exist. It was merely a small trading post until the time of Ivan I (ruled 1325–1340), who strengthened and enriched the Grand Duchy of Moscow by collecting tribute and taxes from other Rus' principalities on the Mongols' behalf. Saint Petersburg didn't come into existence until Peter the Great made a fortress to trade with other maritime nations.

 

How do you figure that?

Russia went from a tiny state of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, with virtually unheard intellectual contributions, or technology.

By the 19th century - 20th century, Russia became a huge state, with lots of intellectual contributions, and technology.

Today Russia is Europe's biggest country, and also Europe's best space technology, and military technology hub.

So, it looks like quite the opposite of what you say.

Sure, when it comes to morality Russia got worse, and worse peaking in the 1930's in brutality.

However in terms of intellect, and power Russia has been steadily on the up, and up.

Personally I think much of this has to do with Russia assimilating many Polish, and Ukrainian intellectuals, and nobility.

 

19c,? you must be joking it had the slavery up to the end of 19c. it lost all its wars to any modern state at that time

 

The first submarine fleet was created in Russia in the 19th century, but then again he was really a Pole named Stefan Drzewiecki.

Also you had writers in Russia like Dostoyevsky, and Gogol both who were also mixed.
Well, Gogol was just Polish, and Ukrainian, but I see him often listed as a great Russian writer regardless.
As for Dostoyevsky he had some Polish, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian heritage I've read.

 

Mongol invasion of what Finnish swamps around today´s Moscow? you know that all Muscovite (language) Toponymy is Finnic? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy

 

don't you think that's its not enough to be called "with lots of intellectual contributions, and technology."`?

 

The 19th century Russian Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky who pioneered the 3 phase electric generator, and 3 phase electric motor, was also apparently more of Pole, in fact he fled Russia due to his Polish heritage.

 

Konstantin Ciolkowski the Russian scientist who founded modern rocketry theories, also conducted much research in the 20th century, although he was half Polish.

Why is it so many of the great Russians have been mixed with Polish, or Ukrainian?

 

+ Belarusians, Blats , answer is GDL and Poland (Grown) were independent EUROPEAN countries (with European education system ) up to the end of 18c. meanwhile Muscovy was an Afro- Asian empire , very primitive "state". i will write more about it later

 

Poland was very advanced during the Renaissance, unlike Russia.

 

not just during the Renaissance even under Muscovite occupation it was... , cos Poland was(is) an European country, Muscovy was (is) an afro - Asian empire much like Ethiopian, Persian, and other Oriental empires etc.

 

Italians, and Greeks have a lot of Afro-Asiatic DNA, but Russians do not.

Russians are more like a Siberian peoples meets Slavic peoples.
Completely different peoples, than Afro-Asiatics.

 

it has nothing to do with Black or White DNA, race , etc. its all about forms of government https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forms_of_government

 

Pole Feliks Konecznys put Tsarist Russia with the Turanian (Siberian) civilization, but Soviet Russia with the Jewish (Afro-Asiatic) civilization.

Well, we already know a strong disproportionate amount of Communists in Eastern Europe had a Jewish origins.

About 40% of the NKVD, and UB police terror apparatus of Eastern Europe were of Jewish extraction.

 

Homel, Vilnia, Kyiv, etc. 70-80% in 1936, much less in 1937, but i saw 0 evidence that Soviet Jews had any sort of Jewish agenda in their "work". or took on "Christians" as payback for pogroms

 

ps "Comments by Professor Timothy Snyder on the unveiling of a statue to Volodymyr the Great (Володимир Великий) in Moscow, Russia, at Yale University, Connecticut, United States, 5 December 2016."

 

Muscovy before the Mongols :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokshas "
The Mokshas (also Mokshans, Moksha people, in Moksha: Мокшет/Mokšet) are a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples[3] who live in the Russian Federation, mostly near the Volga and Moksha rivers,[4] a tributary of the Oka River.

Their native language is Mokshan, one of the two surviving members of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family. According to the 1994 Russian census, 49% of the autochthonal Finnic population in Mordovia identified themselves as Mokshas, totaling more than 180,000 people.[5] Most Mokshas belong to the Russian Orthodox Church; other religions practised by Mokshas include Lutheranism[6] and paganism."

 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vIU6EyPPZY Russia, the successor of Mongol Empire - YouTube

A history programme filmed by NHK Japan.

English translation:

0:02 The Golden Horde in Russia was the longest lasting regime of the four Mongolian Khanates, however the internal conflicts weakened Golden Horde in 15th century. then, an empire centered in Moscow started its rise, Russian Empire, was like a brother to the Horde.

0:28 Uspensky sobor, Cathedral of the Dormition in Russia. The place of the Russian enthronement ceremony. The influence of 250 years Mongol domination was there.

0:36 An era of Ivan IV (1530-84), about 1/3 of the Russian aristocracy was the blood-line from Mongol.

1:02 To fight with the outer-power of Mongol (Crimean Khanate), he began with making the aristocracy as an ally. He did one curious plan.

1:32 He resigned his throne to Simeon Bekbulatovich who was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan.

2:14 Ivan succeeded getting the inner-power of Mongol. The next year, he went back to the state by given back from Simeon.

2:38 By the ceremony, Ivan IV became a successor of Mongol, strengthened its power to have Russia.

2:56 The Russia Empire expanded to Siberia and Central Asia by using the authority of Mongol.

3:29 Unlike the faded Kiev, the new power Moscow rose.

3:50 Ivan I (?-1340) approached Hahn & got a right to rule Rus. Moscow was developed dramatically in his days.

4:09 In 12nd century before Mongol entered, Moscow was a small village in woods. The center of it [Kremlin] was a simple wooden fort.

4:31 During Ivan I, the development increased dramatically. The wooden became stone etc, 2/3 scale of today was seen.

4:56 Moscow achieved wealth and power under the Mongols. Kremlin grew with it. In 15th century, the scale was nearly today. It's been the center of Russian Politics, Military affairs and Economy. Some say, that the word "Kremlin" was from the Mongolian word "Klemm", which means "fortress".

5:38 Ironically, Kremlin and today's center "Moscow" were developed under the power of Mongol.

5:56 Many churches of Russian Orthodox Church in Kremlin were started to be built during the days of Ivan I. The days under Mongol, also the days that the Russian Orthodox Church developed.

6:31 Russian Orthodox Church prayed for Hahn & was given the special right "Tax Free". When Mongol entered, the abbey was less than 100. It became 270 after it. Mongol took in [Moscow & Russian Orthodox Church] and progressed its force on Rus.

7:11 It didn't reach the north-west at first. It gradually went in. Moscow & Russian Orthodox Church helped it. There was a symbolic event in Pskov in 1327. One of the feudal lords in Rus ran into Pskov, on a charge of rising in revolt against Mongol.

8:08 According to the Russian chronicle, he was an influential person as a rival with Ivan I. His name was Aleksandr. Khan of Mongolia made the allied forces with Ivan I of Moscow & went Pskov. The people of Pskov took a posture to fight to support Aleksandr. At the very moment about to fight, a surprising thing happened. The Russian Orthodox Church took sides with pagan, Mongol. It expelled Aleksandr and people of Pskov. It had an overwhelming effect. Aleksandr had to escape further from Pskov.

8:58 Moscow & Russian Orthodox Church cooperated with Mongolia. 2 big power that led Russia later, increased its power in the Tatar-Mongol Yoke.

9:18 Karl Marx (1818-83) said like this, "Moscow, promoted under Mongol-Tatar. The bloody dishonor of the Mongol slavery became the cradle of Moscow. The current Russia is an extension of it".

9:48 The Mother Capital of Rus (Kiev) was shadowed. The region "Ukraine" was born under Mongolian days. The origin was "outside" to mean "Frontier".

9:49 An Ukraine man talking, "If you look at Russians, you will see Mongol features on thier faces, Mongols and Russians were mixed with each others, Russians are not Slavic..."

10:39 The old city Krakow, Ukraine. There's a festival carried out every year in June. The starring figure is a man wearing a costume of the Mongolian General + riding on the horse.He walks dancing in a parade with an orchestra, all day long. He taps people on the shoulder with a wooden hammer. A happiness is said to visit by it.

 

"
Images of totalitarianism spring to mind when one at first ponders that which is Russia: from the current times of Vladimir Putin’s presidency, to when the Soviet Union was still a nation, and even before to Imperial Russia. However, in Kievan Rus, a form of democracy did exist. Comprised of all free male citizens, the veche (вече) was a town assembly that met to discuss such matters as war and peace, law, and invitation or expulsion of princes to the veche’s respective town; all cities in Kievan Russia had a veche. It was essentially a forum for civic affairs to discuss and resolve problems. However, this democratic institution suffered severe curtailment under the Mongols.

By far the most influential of the assemblies were in Novgorod and Kiev. In Novgorod, a special veche bell (in other towns, church bells were ordinary used for this purpose) was created for calling the townspeople together for an assembly, and in theory, anyone could ring it. In the times after the Mongols had conquered the majority of Kievan Russia, veches ceased to exist in all cities except Novgorod, Pskov, and others in the northwestern regions. Veches in those cities continued to function and develop until Moscow itself subjugated them in the late fifteenth century. However, today the spirit of the veche as a public forum has been revived in several cities across Russia, including especially Novgorod.

Of great importance to the Mongol overlords was census tabulation, which allowed for the collection of taxes. To support censuses, the Mongols imposed a special dual system of regional administration headed by military governors, the basqaqi (баскаки), and/or civilian governors, the darugi (даругы). Essentially, the basqaqi were given the responsibility of directing the activities of rulers in the areas that were resistant or had challenged Mongol authority. The darugi were civilian governors that oversaw those regions of the empire that had submitted without a fight or that were considered already pacified to Mongol forces (Ostrowski, 273). However, the offices of the basqaqi and the darugi, while occasionally overlapping in authority and purpose did not necessarily always rule at the same time.

As we know from history, the ruling princes of Kievan Russia did not trust the Mongolian ambassadors that came to discuss peace with them in the early 1200s; the princes regrettably put the ambassadors of Genghis Khan to the sword and before long paid dearly. Thus, in the thirteenth century the basqaqi were stationed in the conquered lands to subjugate the people and authorize even the day-to-day activities of the princes. Furthermore, in addition to ensuring the the census, the basqaqi oversaw conscription of the local populace (Martin, 150).

Existing sources and research indicates that the basqaqi had largely disappeared from the Rus’ lands by the mid-fourteenth century, as the Rus more or less accepted the Mongol overlords. As the basqaqi left, the darugi replaced them in power. However, unlike the basqaqi, the darugi were not based in the confines of the lands of the Rus; in fact, they were stationed in Sarai, the old capital of the Golden Horde located not far from present-day Volgograd. The darugi functioned mainly as experts on the lands of the Rus’ and advised the khan accordingly. While the responsibility of collecting and delivering tribute and conscripts had belonged to the basqaqi, with the transition from the basqaqi to the darugi these duties we actually transferred to the princes themselves when the khan saw that the princes could complete such tasks (Martin, 151).

The first census taken by the Mongols occurred in 1257, just seventeen years after their conquest of Rus’ lands. The population was divided into multiples of ten, a system that had been employed by the Chinese and later adopted by the Mongols who extended its use over the entirety of their empire; the census served as the primary purpose for conscription as well as for taxation. This practice was carried on by Moscow after it stopped acknowledging the Horde in 1480. The practice fascinated foreign visitors to Russia, to whom large-scale censuses were still unknown. One such visitor, Sigismund von Herberstein from Hapsburg made note of the fact that every two or three years, the prince conducted a census throughout the land (Wittfogel, 63. Census taking would not become widespread in Europe until the early 19th century. One significant observation that we must make is that the extent to which the Russians so thoroughly conducted the census was not achieved elsewhere in Europe for another 120 years or so, during the Age of Absolutism. The impact of the Mongol Empire at least in this area was obviously deep and effective and helped to create a strong central government for Russia.

One important institution that the basqaqi oversaw and maintained was the yam (a system of posts), which was constructed to provide food, bedding, horses, and either coaches or sleds, according to the season (Hosking, 89). At first constructed by the Mongols, the yam allowed relatively rapid movement of important communiqués between the khans and their local leaders, as well as a method of quickly dispatching envoys, local or foreign, between the various principalities across the vast the empire. Each post had horses ready for use by authorized persons as well as to replace tired horses for especially long journeys. Each post was usually located about a day’s ride from the nearest post. The local people were obliged to maintain the posts, to feed the horses, and to meet the needs of emissaries traveling through their posts.

T.he system was quite efficient. Another report by emissary Sigismund von Herberstein of the Hapsburgs stated that the yam system allowed him to travel 500 kilometers (from Novgorod to Moscow) within 72 hours .... (Wittfogel, 639-40). The yam system helped the Mongols to maintain tight control over their empire. During the twilight years of the Mongol’s hold on Russia in the late fifteenth century, Prince Ivan III decided to continue the use of the idea of the system of the yam in order to keep an established system of communication and intelligence. However, the idea of a postal system as we know it today would not come into existence until after the death of Peter the Great in the early 1700s." http://historum.com/general-history/71332-russia-successor-mongol-empire-2.html

 

Here everything is ridiculous. Especially this.