Wikileaks: Latest US Death Squad Operations Manual

dixon76710 · Mar 14, 2012

The Third Man said: ↑

Yes that is called an answer. It is when people quote your post and write an answer underneath is. Glad I could clear that up for you.
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There is no answer to the question. Just a reply that avoids the question.

The Third Man · Mar 14, 2012

dixon76710 said: ↑

There is no answer to the question. Just a reply that avoids the question.
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Wrong. There was no answer that you liked,see not the same thing as no answer. Anyway I am bored with you now as you do nothing hut write BS one liners. Bye,

dixon76710 · Mar 15, 2012

The Third Man said: ↑

Wrong. There was no answer that you liked,see not the same thing as no answer. Anyway I am bored with you now as you do nothing hut write BS one liners. Bye,
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No, no answer provided. Pretty safe assumption would be that you just made it up, otherwise you would have provided an answer.

Horhey · Mar 15, 2012

Wow. That's discusting.. The CIA station chief encouraged Haiti's death squad leader to become President.

Haitian Ex-Paramilitary Leader Confirms C.I.A. Relationship

By TIM WEINER

Published: December 03, 1995

The former leader of Haiti's most feared right-wing paramilitary group has confirmed that he was a paid agent of the Central Intelligence Agency from 1991 to 1994.

The former paramilitary leader, Emmanuel Constant said published reports linking him to the C.I.A. were true. He made his admission in a videotaped interview to be broadcast on Sunday on the CBS News program "60 Minutes," which provided transcripts to other news organizations.

I was meeting with the C.I.A. on a regular basis," said Mr. Constant, whose group, known as Fraph, is accused of murdering, raping and beating hundreds of supporters of Haiti's President, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. "We had an understanding. We had an alliance."

Mr. Constant said he was given a code name, "Gamal," a sophisticated walkie-talkie and $700 a month in cash by the C.I.A.'s station chief in Haiti, with whom he met regularly, sometimes daily.

The meetings, he said, usually took place during long drives in the station chief's car. He said he provided derogatory information about Mr. Aristide sought by the C.I.A., discussed his own aspirations to be Haiti's president -- which, he said, the station chief encouraged -- and gave full accounts of his political and paramilitary activities.
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beenthere · Mar 20, 2012

The Third Man said: ↑

I see nothing wrong with the information that wikileaks provides as in the Afghan war logs,Iraq war logs and the various other original documents they have released. When you cut through the obviously biased forward it boils down to real legit info that they do release.
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Hey, Jake, have you ever served in the US military?? No??? Didn't think so!!

The Third Man · Mar 20, 2012

beenthere said: ↑

Hey, Jake, have you ever served in the US military?? No??? Didn't think so!!
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Who is jake? and what has your post got to do with what I posted? As far as I can see it has nothing to do with it at all. Maybe you should try actually reading what I posted and then comment on that instead of quoting me and talking about something else.

Horhey · Mar 20, 2012

Human Rights Watch on US complicity in genocide in Guatemala, backing of junta and death squads in Haiti, harboring Haitian death squad leader and documents seized by US forces in Haiti revealing US intelligence links to death squad activities.

Human Rights Watch: Keeping Secrets on Haiti

Published: March 05, 1999

To the Editor:

Kate Doyle (Op-Ed, March 1) is right to say the release of documents showing American complicity in genocide in Guatemala should ''set a precedent.'' In Haiti, some of the best evidence about the junta that ruled from 1991 to 1994 is in 160,000 documents the United States seized during its 1994 intervention. But Washington, determined to avoid revelations on its intelligence links to the junta, refuses to give the documents back without removing all American names.

Also, Washington has given Emmanuel Constant, its paid intelligence informant and leader of Haiti's most vicious paramilitary group, refuge from Haitian prosecution, apparently on condition that he not speak about his American connection.

JOSE MIGUEL VIVANCO

New York, March 3, 1999

The writer is executive director of the Americas division of Human Rights Watch.
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SiliconMagician · Mar 20, 2012

Horhey said: ↑

Human Rights Watch on US complicity in genocide in Guatemala, backing of junta and death squads in Haiti, harboring Haitian death squad leader and documents seized by US forces in Haiti revealing US intelligence links to death squad activities.
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Good.

American empire must be maintained. It must suck to watch us rule the planet eh Horhey? I know what you are thinking. "How can a nation so evil and heinous get away with what they do!?".

the answer is..because we're evil and heinous. muhahahahaha

Horhey · Mar 20, 2012

Member of Salvadoran army said first brigade intelligence unit army troops routinely kill and torture suspected leftists. First brigade day-to-day army operations carried out with knowledge of US military advisers.

The Post reports, U.S. advisers work in liasion with the First Brigade. CIA routinely pays expenses for intelligence operations in the brigades. US has about 55 advisers in Salvador.

The Washington Post: Salvadoran Killings Cited

Deserter Links U.S. Advisers to Army Unit

October 27, 1989

A member of a Salvadoran army intelligence unit who fled the country following his participation in the torture and killing of suspected leftists says elite army troops routinely carried out such killings as recently as this summer.

Cesar Vielman Joya Martinez, who is sought by Salvadoran authorities, said in an interview in Washington that he deserted from the army after carrying out the torture and murder of two peasants last July. He said the intelligence department of the army's First Brigade, whose day-to-day operations were carried out with the knowledge of U.S. military advisers, secretly tortured and killed suspected leftists under orders from the commander.

Sources in El Salvador with access to intelligence said a US adviser specializing in intelligence and another U.S. adviser works in liasion with the First Brigade, and that the CIA routinely pays all expenses for intelligence operations in the brigades .
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SiliconMagician said: ↑

Good.

American empire must be maintained. It must suck to watch us rule the planet eh Horhey? I know what you are thinking. "How can a nation so evil and heinous get away with what they do!?".

the answer is..because we're evil and heinous. muhahahahaha
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Dont feel special. Any country as powerful as the US would act violently.

Horhey · Mar 21, 2012

US Terror in El Salvador: "Draining the Sea"

[ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfF9zD1OhAo"]US Strategy: "Draining the Sea"[/ame]

Human Rights Watch reports US advisers adopted a strategy of terror in El Salvador called, "Draining the Sea". The primary target is the civilian population - displacing them in order to remove any possible base of support for the rebels. The strategy involved the use of terror tactics - bombings, strafings, shellings and massacres of civilians.

The Associated Press:

A 77-page report by Americas Watch, made public Friday, said attacks on civilians by the United States-backed Salvadoran armed forces in guerrilla- held territories were intended to "drain the sea" of civilians by forcing them to flee.
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Human Rights Watch: 'Draining the Sea'

The Salvadoran armed forces are draining the sea in order to deny the fish sustenance. The sea is the civilian population in guerrilla-controlled zones; the fish are the guerrillas. This may be an effective strategy for winning the war. It is, however, a strategy that involves the use of terror tactics — bombings, strafings, shellings and massacres of civilians.
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Continued..

Horhey · Mar 22, 2012

Just found the article..

"Draining the Sea"

The Associated Press: Report Accuses Salvadoran Army of 'Terror Tactics'

A human rights group charged yesterday that the U.S.-backed Salvadoran military has used indiscriminate attacks, including massacres, to terrorize civilians into fleeing zones controlled by leftist guerrillas.

In a 77-page report entitled "Draining the Sea," the New York-based Americas Watch Committee accused the Salvadoran military of "terror tactics— bombings, strafings, shellings and massacres of civilians."
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Also worth noting..

The Washington Post: 12 Years of Tortured Truth on El Salvador

US. Declarations During War Undercut by UN Commission Report

The U.S. was deeply involved in running the war, from intelligence gathering to strategy planning to training of everyone from officers to foot soldiers. By 1982, U.S. military advisers were assigned to each of the six Salvadoran brigades, as well as each of 10 smaller detachments. The U.S. put tens of millions of dollars into developing the ultra-modern national intelligence directorate to coordinate intelligence gathering and dissemination.

U.S. military and CIA officials participated in almost every important meeting. Most brigades had a U.S. intelligence officer assigned to them, as well as a U.S. liaison officer. U.S. advisers regularly doled out small amounts of money, usually less than $1,000 at a time, for intelligence work.
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The Washington Post: Death From a Distance; Washington's Role in El Salvador's Death Squads

The legal question concerns the relationship between the U.S. government and Salvadoran officers implicated in the murder, torture and rape of civilians. [Rene Emilio Ponce] and other such officers have been granted valid visas to enter the United States.

In late 1983, U.S. policymakers established functional, if not operational, control over the death-squad bureaucracy. The bureaucracy of death remained in place, subject to the military chain of command, whose leaders were in daily contact with U.S. advisers.

As an instrument of U.S. policy, death squads still enjoyed support among officials in the Executive Branch. Neil Livingstone, a consultant who worked with Oliver North at the National Security Council, reviewed U.S. policy in El Salvador in the early '80s and concluded, "death squads are an extremely effective tool, however odious, in combatting revolutionary challenges.
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See also, "U.S. Foot Firmly in El Salvador", The Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Servive

Ray Bonner reports on US military advisors with Salvadoran brigades in combat roles.

Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

I just found a treasure trove of information on all this so Im gonna have to use this thread as an ammo dump. For example, I found the original copy of this article..

The meaning of "the era of counterinsurgency" and "internal security" is vividly described by Charles Maechling Jr., who led counter-insurgency and internal defense planning for President Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson while in the State Department from 1961 to 1966 and later became a resident associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace:

For original article printed in the Los Angeles Times, see, "The Murderous Mind of the Latin Military", By CHARLES MAECHLING JR., March 18, 1982, L.A. Times Archives - Pay-Per-View. See also, "Not one more bullet for brutality", By CHARLES MAECHLING JR., March 18, 1982. "Army Massacres Follow Brutal Tradition", By CHARLES MAECHLING JR., March 18, 1982,

The Los Angeles Times: The Murderous Mind of the Latin Military

By CHARLES MAECHLING JR.

March 18, 1982

In the space of two years, nearly 25,000 people have been killed in El Salvador not in combat or caught in crossfire, but tortured, mutilated and butchered in cold blood. Every night, men and women are dragged from their homes by armed men, every morning, their mutilated corposes turn up in roadside ditches and garbage dumps. In the last 60 days, 400 to 800 villagers have been massacred.

In Guatemala whole villages of Indians and a wide spectrum of intelligentsia - journalists, teachers, social workers, students, doctors - have been killed in political violence.

Not understood by the American public and concealed by the Reagan Administration, is that the Latin American military Salvadoran, Guatemalan or Argentine routinely employs terror to exterminate guerrillas and insurgency movements. Devised by the Nazis for occupied Europe, perfected by Argentina and now passed from hand to hand by Latin military staffs, the strategy involves torture and murder of anyone suspected of association with "subversives." Guilt or innocence is immaterial; the object is to exterminate the opposition and, by cowing sympathizers into submission, deprive the guerrillas of support. In the phraseology of Mao Tse-tung, the idea is to kill the fish by drying up the waters.

The brutality of military culture in the former Spanish colonies is almost inconceivable by Anglo-Saxon standards, and shows up at it's worst in El Salvador and Guatemala.

Trained by Pentagon

In their endless quest for "stability" south of the border, U.S. administrations repeatedly turn a blind eye to the rapacity and cruelty of the Latin American military. Not until 1961, however, was there direct complicity (as opposed to occasional direct interventions) by the U.S. government in aiding domestic repression in Latin America. In that year, under pressure from the Pentagon, the Latin American military role was changed from "hemispheric defense" to "internal security"; US assistance programs were retooled to strengthen the hold of the local military forces over there own people.

For 20 years, the Pentagon has lavished training and equipment on the Latin American military, both at bases in the United States and at the US Army School of the Americas in the former Panama Canal Zone. Under guise of "civic action" programs, Latin American officers have been encouraged to meddle in government and civillian affairs. There has been little screening to weed out the drug racketeers and war criminals, and no indoctrination in civilized standards of warfare.

Senior officers indistinguishable from the war criminals hanged at Nuremberg after World War II have passed through the Inter- American Defense College in Washington. Neither in training programs not thereafter does the Pentagon insist on compliance with the Geneva conventions regarding humane treatment of prisoners and non combatants. Equipment is given without strings.

For the United States, which lead the crusade against Nazi evil, to support the methods of Heinrich Himmler's extermination squads is an outrage. Continued U.S. support of Mafia-like oligarchies and their uniformed gunmen is alienating the restive and increasingly vocal masses Latin America. Not another cartridge or spare part should go to Central American military regimes untill the atrocities stop.

(Charles Maechling Jr. led counter-insurgency and internal defense planning for President Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson while in the State Department from 1961 to 1966; he is now a resident associate of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.)
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Wow man. Can you imagine if we ever got access to the info in that briefcase? CIA's got it locked up in the vault now.

The Los Angeles Times: Former Spy Threatens CIA -- Ex-Agent Involved In Probe Says Agency Backed Death Squads

PALAWAN, Philippines - Thomas Gerard, the former San Francisco police officer who fled here after being implicated in the Anti-Defamation League spying probe, enjoyed a private prank as he traveled for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.

Among the passports and fake identity papers he used as an undercover CIA agent from 1982 through 1985 were documents identifying him as Thomas Clouseau - as in Inspector Clouseau, the bumbling French detective in "The Pink Panther" films.

"I'm still surprised Central Cover staff at the agency let that one slip by," Gerard said with a laugh. "A little joke on the agency."

But the former spy and San Francisco police inspector isn't playing games anymore. He says he will blow the whistle on what he calls illegal CIA support of Central American death squads if he charged in a scandal over a political spying and intelligence network run largely on behalf of the Anti-Defamation League.

Gerard, 50, detailed his charges from this thickly jungled Philippine island 300 miles south of Manila, to which he fled Oct. 25. He said much of the proof is contained in a briefcase seized by San Francisco police.

According to a police inventory, the bag contained not only Gerard's collection of false-identity papers in 10 different names, but apparent CIA materials, photographs of chained and blindfolded men, and a black, executioner-style hood.

All are proof, Gerard said, the CIA trained and supported torturers and death squads operating in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala during the mid-1980s. He said he quit the agency in late 1985 because he could not stomach what he witnessed there.

`EVIL, EVIL . . .'

"This was not good guys versus bad guys," he said. "This was evil, evil. . . . This was something the devil himself is involved in. And I wanted no part of it."

The CIA, following practice, has refused to confirm that Gerard was a staff employee. The agency has denied repeatedly direct support of the right-wing death squads, which tortured and murdered thousands of political opponents, clergy, union members and peasants in bloody counterinsurgency campaigns.

But Gerard said a manila envelope inventoried by San Francisco police and labeled "Interrogation Training Farm Prison 1984" is from a CIA training camp outside Williamsburg, Va.

Four envelopes were labeled "D.S.," which Gerard said refers to death squads. One includes a paper labled "Secret Biodata of the Nominees to be Trained in Human Resource Exploitation (Interrogation) Course" listing 13 names. Another envelope contains a book with more than 100 pages "on the subject of interrogations" that Gerard said was from the CIA.

Another envelope contains what Gerard said is a secret cable from a CIA station chief in El Salvador responding to a CIA query about alleged human-rights abuses.

"It shows they knew what was going on," he said.

Several photos, Gerard said, show CIA agents attending interrogations, or posing with death-squad members. He denied he had worked with the death squads, however.

The briefcase also contained a binder stuffed with business cards, names, addresses and phone numbers. The section is titled "International Activities Division-Special Activities Group," according to the police inventory.

"That's the Who's Who" of the CIA, Gerard said. "Oooh, that's gonna make people nervous. Oooh."

The International Activities Division handles the CIA's paramilitary activities, according to "The U.S. Intelligence Community," a book by Jeffrey Richelson.

A STASH FOR PROTECTION

When he left the CIA in 1985, Gerard said, he stashed the hood, classified cables, photos and other material in the briefcase in case he ever needed protection from the CIA.

Asked why he was going public, Gerard complained the FBI and San Francisco police were trying him in the media by alleging that he gave confidential law-enforcement and motor-vehicle information to the Anti-Defamation League and sold information to South Africa for thousands of dollars.

Gerard denied any criminal wrongdoing. "I shouldn't say I did no wrong," he said. "I should say I showed poor judgment. . . . "

Police say the ADL, a Jewish civil-rights organization, secretly collected information on more than 12,000 people and 950 activist groups over the last several decades. The ADL acknowledges it collects information on groups that are anti-Semitic, extremist or racist, but denies any improper activity.

The case involves Gerard's undercover work, after he left the CIA, as a San Francisco police inspector in the department's now-disbanded intelligence division. He has not been charged.

Gerard doesn't deny "snooping and pooping on people in the U.S.," as he put it, and working with with Roy Bullock, a San Francisco art dealer who told the FBI he infiltrated right-wing and Arab-American groups and prepared secret files for the ADL.

Gerard was interviewed by FBI agents in San Francisco last October. He said they threatened him with prison if he didn't cooperate. Instead, he hopped a flight to the Philippines, where the United States has no extradition treaty. He sent his retirement papers to the Police Department in November.
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Most US Military Advisors accompanied Salvadoran brigades and "engaged in hostile action."

Newsweek: Volume 121

April 5, 1993

Some U.S. soldiers stationed in El Salvador during the country's civil war want the Pentagon to admit that they were more than advisers to its army. The group, Veterans of Special Operations, says members also fought, making them eligible for combat medals. Officially, U.S. advisers were banned from fighting, and so far Pentagon brass refuse to say they did. But an army memo provided to NEWSWEEK Suggests otherwise. It states: "Most personnel serving in an advisory capacity were directly engaged in hostile action."
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

US military advisors upgraded their death squads skills in the art of murder and torture.

The Washington Post: U.S. Instructed Latins on Executions, Torture

Saturday, September 21st 1996

By Dana Priest
Washington Post Staff Writer

Used in courses at the U.S. Army's School of the Americas, the manual says that to recruit and control informants, counterintelligence agents could use "fear, payment of bounties for enemy dead, beatings, false imprisonment, executions and the use of truth serum," according to a secret Defense Department summary of the manuals compiled during a 1992 investigation of the instructional material and also released yesterday.

Its graduates have included some of the region's most notorious human rights abusers, among them Roberto D'Aubuisson, the leader of El Salvador's right-wing death squads; 19 Salvadoran soldiers linked to the 1989 assassination of six Jesuit priests; Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, the deposed Panamanian strongman; six Peruvian officers linked to killings of students and a professor; and Col. Julio Roberto Alpirez, a Guatemalan officer implicated in the death of an American innkeeper living in Guatemala and to the death of a leftist guerrilla married to an American lawyer.
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

A WP Editorial commenting on the revolations that "US instructed Latins on Executions, Torture."

The Washington Post: Teaching Human Rights Violations

Oct 1, 1996

The U.S. Army advocacy of terror methods reaches far beyond the question of whether or not the U.S. Army School of the Americas ought to be shut down {"Army Instructed Latins on Executions, Torture," front page, Sept. 21}. It has to do with U.S. complicity in human rights crimes.

As late as 1989, after the slaughter of six Jesuit priests and their housekeeper and her daughter, U.S. government spokesmen were insisting these killings by the Salvadoran Army were an aberration, not systemic. This attempt at damage control was proven false by the findings of Rep. Joe Moakley (D-Mass.), heading the Speaker's Special Task Force on El Salvador, and later, by the United Nations Truth Commission.
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

The New York Times on the Pentagon's Execution and Torture Manuals..

The New York Times: School of the Dictators

Americans can now read for themselves some of the noxious lessons the United States Army taught to thousands of Latin American military and police officers at the School of the Americas during the 1980's. A training manual recently released by the Pentagon recommended interrogation techniques like torture, execution, blackmail and arresting the relatives of those being questioned.

Such practices, which some of the school's graduates enthusiastically applied once they returned home, violate basic human rights and the Army's own rules of procedure. They also defy the professed goals of American foreign policy and foreign military training programs.
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Congressman Kennedy's office told the National Catholic Reporter that:

This partial document release shows what we have long suspected: Taxpayer's' dollars had been used to train military officers in executions extortion, beatings and other acts of intimidation - all clear human rights abuses.
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Declassified Army and CIA Manuals Used in Latin America

A lack of distinction between civilian movements and armed rebellion.

Black Lists

THESE CONTAIN THE IDENTITIES AND LOCATIONS OF PERSONS WHOSE CAPTURE AND DETENTION ARE OF FOREMOST IMPORTANCE TO THE ARMED FORCES:

a. Enemy agents known or suspects [sic], persons involved in espionage, sabotage, politics, and subversive persons.

c. Political leaders known or suspected as hostile toward the Armed Forces or the political interests of the National Government.

e. Collaborators and sympathizers of the enemy, known or suspects whose presence in the area of operations represent a threat to the national security.

f. Military and civilian enemies, known or suspected of having participated in intelligence activities, counter-intelligence, security, police or political indoctrination between the troops or among civilians.

("Counterintelligence," p. 225)

TARGETS TO BE DETECTED AND NEUTRALIZED:

ORGANIZATIONS AND TEAMS

1. Local or national political party teams, or parties that have goals, beliefs or ideologies contrary or in opposition to the National Government.

2. Para-military organizations including student teams, police, military and veterans, or ex-fighter teams that are hostile towards the National Government.

3. Teams or hostile organizations whose objective is to create dissension or cause restlessness among the civilian population in the area of operations.

5. Teams that operate undercover or clandestinely and their infrastructure.

("Counterintelligence," p. 228.)

From the army manual "Handling of Sources":

We have already seen how a relatively small number of individuals can come to control an organization by infiltration and fixed elections. The government can inform itself in a timely way about insurgents' activity in these organizations, by placing its agents in all organizations that it suspects could interest the insurgent group. Among the main organizations of this type can be mentioned political parties, unions and youth and student groups.

("Handling of Sources," p. 7)

The CI agent should consider all organizations as possible guerilla sympathizers. He ought to train and locate informants inside these organizations to inform him about activities and discover any indication of a latent insurrection. We are especially interested in identifying the members of the guerillas commando structure, its political structure and base of support.

By infiltrating informants in the diverse youth, workers, political, business, social and charitable organizations, we can identify the organizations that include guerillas among their members. The agent can also identify the relatives of these guerillas, their supporters and sympathizers of the insurrectionary movement.... The CI agent also should investigate other organizations that are not yet under the guerillas' control, since doubtless these will include members who sympathize with the insurrectionary movement; for that reason, it is essential to identify those persons.

("Handling of Sources," p. 75)

The CI agent could cause the arrest of the employee's parents, imprison the employee or give him a beating as part of the placement plan of said employee in the guerilla organization.

("Handling of Sources, p. 79, included in Pentagon's excerpts.)

The employee's value can be increased... by means of arrests, executions or pacification.

("Handling of Sources," p. 80, included in Pentagon's excerpts.)
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Continued..

Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Continued..

From "Terrorism and the Urban Guerilla":

Another function of the CI agents is to recommend CI targets for neutralization. CI targets can include people, installations, organizations, and documents and materials. A CI target is someone or something that fits within the previously described categories; it may or may not be hostile.

Persons who are targets can often prove to be valuable sources of intelligence. Some example of these targets are government officials, political leaders, and members of the infrastructure. Installations that are targets can provide information of significant value. The continued operation of these installations during combat can put in danger the commander's mission.... Organizations or groups that are able to be a potential threat to the government also must be identified as targets. Even though the threat may not be apparent, insurgents frequently hide subversive activity behind front organizations. Examples of hostile organizations or groups are paramilitary groups, labor unions, and dissident groups.

("Terrorism and the Urban Guerilla," p. 112)

CI agents are also involved in recommending measures of control and [sic] of population to the authorities. These recommendations are based in the domestic and external support for the insurgents as well as the capacity to carry them out.

These measures can be divided into three forms of control: surveillance, restriction and coercion. These measures are designed principally to detect and control the movement of human and material resources. The adequate application of these measures will break the support relationship between the population and the insurgent and at the same time provide a physically and physiologically secure environment for the population.

("Terrorism and the Urban Guerilla," p. 113)
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Continiued..

From the army manual "Revolutionary War, Guerillas and Communist Ideology":

The subversive actions are directed towards achieving changes in the political, economic and social structure of society, frequently through psychological means. In this way, the insurgent tries to influence the opinions, attitudes, feelings and desires of friendly, hostile and neutral people to achieve behavior that is favorable to his objectives. During Phase I (subversion), intellectual and emotional persuasion is the principal arm of the insurrection.

("Revolutionary War, Guerillas and Communist Ideology," 1989, p. 50)

The insurgents try to influence the direction, control and authority that is exercised over the nation in general and in the administration of the political system. The insurgents are active in the areas of political nominations, political organizations, political education, and judicial laws.

They can resort to subverting the government by means of elections in which the insurgents cause the replacement of an unfriendly government official to one favorable to their cause. The insurgent activity can include disbursing campaign funds to gain members and organizing political meetings for their candidates.

They can attempt to use bribes or place informants in key areas to counteract government action. They can launch propaganda attacks to discredit and ridicule political leaders and government officials. Also, insurgent leaders can participate in political races as candidates for government posts.

("Revolutionary War, Guerillas and Communist Ideology," 1989, p. 51)
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Continued..

Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Continued..

From army manual "Combat Intelligence":

Indications of an Imminent Guerilla Attack

6. Demonstrations by minority groups

7. Increase in propaganda activities in a particular area. The guerilla forces, in general, begin to distribute propaganda of various types, in which they include the approximate hour and date of an attack about to take place. This is a positive indication that they are going to launch an attack. Actions like that act to improve the image that the guerillas present to the people. Such actions help them achieve control over the population.

8. In some zones, the local population, including children, don't speak or associate with U.S. troops or host country troops. This invariably indicates one of two things: that guerillas dominate the area or that they intend to launch an attack.

10. A high level of desertions among the paramilitary forces in the host country.

11. Visits of strangers to towns, cities, etc.

("Combat Intelligence," pp. 161-2)

Indicators of Control [of the Population] by the Guerilla Forces

2. The local populace refuse to provide intelligence to government forces.

("Combat Intelligence, p. 163)

II. Are the insurgents carrying out psychological operations?

a. Propaganda (indicator)

(1) Accusations of government corruption.

(2) Circulation of petitions that embrace the insurgents' demands.

(3) Attempts to discredit or ridicule government or military officials.

(4) Characterization of government and political leaders as U.S. puppets.

(5) Promotion of a popular front government.

(6) Propaganda urging youth to avoid the draft or soldiers to desert

(7) Characterization of the armed forces as the enemy of the people.

( Slogans against the government, the armed forces, or the United States (spoken, posters, graffiti, pamphlets, commercial radio, etc.)

(9) Petitions or pamphlets that embrace Cuban or Nicaraguan philosophy.

(10) Appeals to people to sympathize with or participate in demonstrations or strikes.

(11) Accusations that the government has failed in its responsibility to meet the basic needs of the people.

(12) Accusations that the military and police are corrupt or that they aren't with the people.

(13) Accusations of brutality or torture by the police or armed forces.

(14) Propaganda in favor of revolutionary groups, Cuba, or Nicaragua.

(15) Propaganda with the objective of linking certain ethnic groups in a united international class.

b. Promotion of popular discontent. (indicator)

(1) Labor discontent.

(a) Energetic campaigns of union organizing or recruiting.

(b) Extremist propaganda in favor of the interests of the workers.

(c) Violent workers' demonstrations.

(d) Worker demonstrations against the government.

(e) Strikes.

(f) Changes in labor leadership.

(g) Persecution of labor leaders by the security forces or private groups.

(2) Rural Discontent.

(a) Demonstrations to demand agrarian reform.

(b) Land takeovers.

(c) Persecution of peasant leaders by security forces or private groups.

(3) Economic Discontent.

(a) Peasants refuse to pay taxes or rents.

(b) Protests about high unemployment, low salaries, or against the national economic plan.

(4) Religious Discontent.

(a) Clergy embracing liberation theology.

(b) Clergy involved in activities concerning political, rural or labor discontent.

(c) Adult men receiving refuge or food from clergy or help from them....

c. Popular organizing. (indicator)

(1) Unusual meetings among the population.

(2) Migration of population from areas previously occupied

(3) The population avoids travelling, working, or living in certain areas.

(4) Civilians avoid military forces or show their displeasure at cooperating with them.....

("Combat Intelligence," pp. 167-169)
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Contined..

Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Human Resource Exploitation Manual (1983), Part 1 (English)

Human Resource Exploitation Manual (1983), Part 2 (English)

From CIA manual "Human Resource Exploitation Manual -1983":

4. Are coercive techniques to be used? Have all supervisors in your direct chain of command been notified and given approval? Has headquarters given approval?

( "Human Resource Exploitation Manual - 1983," p. L-4)

Excerpts from the CIA's "KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation

Interrogations conducted under compulsion or duress are especially likely to involve illegality and to entail damaging consequences for KUBARK. Therefore prior Headquarters approval at the KUDOVE level must be obtained for the interrogation of any source against his will and under any of the following circumstances:

1. If bodily harm is to be inflicted.

2. If medical, chemical, or electrical methods or materials are to be used to induce acquiescence.

3. [whited out]

("KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation--July 1963," p.

The following are the principal coercive techniques of interrogation: arrest, detention, deprivation of sensory stimuli through solitary confinement or similar methods, threats and fear, debility, pain, heightened suggestibility and hypnosis, narcosis, and induced regression. ("KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation--July 1963," p. 85)

1. The more completely the place of confinement eliminates sensory stimuli, the more rapidly and deeply will the interrogatee be affected. Results produced only after weeks or months of imprisonment in an ordinary cell can be duplicated in hours or days in a cell which has no light (or weak artificial light which never varies), which is sound-proofed, in which odors are eliminated, etc. An environment still more subject to control, such as water-tank or iron lung, is even more effective."

("KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation--July 1963," p. 90)

If a coercive technique is to be used, or if two or more are to be employed jointly, they should be chosen for their effect upon the individual and carefully selected to match his personality.

("KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation--July 1963," p. 103)

38. Are coercive techniques to be employed? If so, have all field personnel in the interrogator's direct chain of command been notified? Have they approved?

39. Has prior Headquarters permission been obtained?

43. Are threats to be employed as part of a plan? Has the nature of the threat been matched to that of the interrogatee?

("KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation--July 1963," p. 109)
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Former Salvadoran death squad member says he slit throats while U.S. Advisers wrote checks.

The Washington Post: Confessions of an Assassin

Nov 19, 1989

It went to him and other military goons, [Cesar Vielman Joya Martinez] reports. Claiming to have tortured and killed eight of his countrymen in the year he served the 1st Brigade, he explains that cutting throats or strangulation was more effective than shooting because bullet wounds leave ballistic evidence.

Joya Martinez, a low-ranking night stalker who carried out orders from his military superiors who themselves were counseled by U.S. advisers, estimates that more than 70 killings of suspected leftists or rebel sympathizers were carried out in the first six months of 1989 by his 1st Brigade unit.

In July, Joya Martinez fled. After providing details of his work to human rights organizations in Central America, he turned up in Washington. In late October, his story was told on the "CBS Evening News" and in The Washington Post. In the last two weeks, he has been getting into congressional offices to speak with foreign policy staff.

The core of his message is that U.S. advisers, two of whom had desks in Joya Martinez's office and were writing checks to support the operation, were aware of the Salvadoran military's lethal methods of controlling dissent.

"We provided them with copies of all the reports from our agents on clandestine captures, interrogations. ... But we did not provide them with the reports on the executions. They did not want to hear of the actual killings."
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Covert Action Quarterly reports on a compilation of death squad member's testimony in which they all finger US advisors as their mentors.

Death Squads in El Salvador: A Pattern of U.S. Complicity

by David Kirsch

Covert Action Quarterly, Summer 1990

Death Squad Members Testimony

Cesar Vielman Joya Martinez, a soldier in the First Infantry Brigade's Department 2 (Intelligence), is the most recent Salvadoran to admit his involvement in death squad activity. At a November 1, 1989 press conference Joya Martinez stated that certain military units in Department 2 carried out "heavy interrogation" (a euphemism for torture) after which the victims were killed. The job of his unit was to execute people by strangulation, slitting their throats, or injecting them with poison. He admitted killing eight people and participating in many more executions. He stated that the Brigade Commander had sent written orders to carry out the killings and that the use of bullets was forbidden because they might be traced to the military.

Joya Martinez also claims that one of the U.S. advisers working with the First Brigade sat at a desk next to his and received "all the reports from our agents on clandestine captures, interrogations...but we did not provide them with reports on the executions. They did not want to hear of the actual killings." U.S. advisers authorized expenses for such extras as black glass on squad vans to allow executions to take place unobserved; provided $4,000 for the monthly budget; and conducted classes in recruiting informants and conducting intelligence reconnaissance.
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Horhey · Mar 23, 2012

Continued..

Another Salvadoran soldier, Ricardo Castro, is the first officer to come forward with information about death squad activity. Castro graduated from West Point in 1973 and was a company commander in the Salvadoran Army. He translated for several U.S. advisers who taught, among other subjects, interrogation techniques. Castro claims that one U.S. instructor worked out of the Sheraton Hotel (taken over briefly during the November 1989 FMLN offensive) and emphasized psychological techniques. Castro recalled a class where Salvadoran soldiers asked the adviser about an impasse in their torture sessions:

"He was obviously against torture a lot of the time. He favored selective torture.... When they learned some thing in class, they might go back to their fort that night and practice.... I remember very distinctly some students talking about the fact that people were conking out on them...as they were administering electric shock. 'We keep giving him the electric shock, and he just doesn't respond. What can we do?'.... The American gave a broad smile and said, 'You've got to surprise him. We know this from experience. Give him a jolt. Do something that will just completely amaze him, and that should bring him out of it."

Castro revealed that he held monthly briefings with then deputy CIA chief of station in El Salvador Frederic Brugger who had recruited him for intelligence work after meeting at an interrogation class. Castro also claimed to have knowledge of the perpetration of large massacres of civilians by Army Department 5.

In December 1981, he met in Morazan Province with one of the officers that the U.S. instructor had advised. "They had two towns of about 300 people each, and they were interrogating them to see what they knew. Since I...knew something about interrogations, he said he might want me to help. The Major told me that after the interrogation, they were going to kill them all." Castro was, however, reassigned and did not participate. Later, his pro-government mother told him, "You know, son, these guerrillas, they invent the wildest lies. They say that in December, 600 civilians were killed in Morazan." "Oh, (*)(*)(*)(*), I was hoping I'd been dreaming it," he thought. "I later found out, they did go in and kill them after all."
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